大理大学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (12): 21-26.DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 2096-2266. 2020. 12. 004

• 化学 • 上一篇    下一篇

芦竹碱及其衍生物的合成研究

  

  1. 1.皖南医学院医学影像学院,安徽芜湖241002;2.复旦大学化学系,上海200438
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-09 出版日期:2020-12-15 发布日期:2021-01-04
  • 通讯作者: 孟歌,研究员,博士,E-mail:mg@fudan.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:张解和,助教,主要从事小分子药物的设计及合成工艺研究。
  • 基金资助:
    皖南医学院2019年度校中青年科研基金项目(WK201922)

Study on the Synthesis of Gramine and Its Derivatives

  1. 1. School of Medical Image, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China; 2. Department of Chemistry, Fudan University,
    Shanghai 200438, China
  • Received:2020-05-09 Online:2020-12-15 Published:2021-01-04

摘要: 目的:通过曼尼希法和路易斯(Lewis)酸催化法合成芦竹碱,比较两种合成方法优劣。方法:通过正交试验考察反应物
料比(吲哚:乙酸)、反应时间以及反应温度对曼尼希法合成芦竹碱的产率影响;考察反应溶剂、反应时间以及催化剂对Lewis酸
催化法的影响。并研究不同底物对芦竹碱衍生物的合成影响。结果:曼尼希法合成芦竹碱,55 ℃时,n(吲哚):n(乙酸)=1:2反应
12 h最佳,产率为88.5%。Lewis酸催化法的最佳条件是以乙醇为溶剂,ZnCl2 为催化剂反应120 min,产率为93.1%。结论:
Lewis酸催化法合成芦竹碱优于曼尼希法。Lewis酸催化法合成芦竹碱衍生物的结果表明,参与反应胺的位阻越大,产率越低;吲
哚上引入供电子基可使产率提高,吸电子基的引入则会降低产率。

关键词: 芦竹碱, 衍生物, 曼尼希反应, Lewis酸, 合成

Abstract: Objective: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of Mannich method and Lewis acid catalysis in the application of gramine synthesis. Methods: The effects of reaction material ratio(indole: acetic acid), reaction time and reaction temperature on the yield of gramine synthesized by Mannich method, and the effects of reaction solvent, reaction time and catalyst on the yield of gramine synthesized by Lewis acid catalysis were investigated through orthogonal experiments. The effects of different substrates on the synthesis of gramine derivatives were also studied. Results: The result of Mannich method indicated that the yield could reach 88.5%
when n(indole): n(acetic acid)= 1 : 2 for 12 hours at the temperature of 55 ℃. The optimal conditions for Lewis acid catalysis were using ethanol as the reaction solvent and ZnCl2 as the catalyst for 120 minutes, making the yield as much as 93.1%. Conclusion: Lewis acid catalysis synthesis of gramine is superior to Mannich method. The results showed that the larger the steric hindrance of the amines involved in the reaction, the lower the reaction yield was. The introduction of electron-donating groups on indole could increase the yield of the derivatives, while on the contrary, the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups would lead to lower yield.

Key words: gramine, derivatives, Mannich reaction, Lewis acid, synthesis

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